Multiverse theories in contemporary physics and cosmology—particularly in the two formulations of the “inflationary multiverse” and the “quantum mechanical multiverse”—have redefined the structure of empirical reality by positing a plurality of physical worlds. The fundamental problem of this study is the philosophical evaluation of these hypotheses based on the ontological foundations of Transcendent Theosophy (al-Ḥikmah al-Muta‘āliyah) and the analysis of their implications for unity and multiplicity, existential individuation (tashakhkhuṣ), substantial motion (al-ḥarakah al-jawhariyyah), and the best possible order (al-niẓām al-aḥsan). The main challenge in comparative studies lies in conflating physical explanations with metaphysical ones and the equivocation of the term “world”; for spatiotemporal plurality and causal independence in physics do not necessarily entail disparate plurality or ontological independence in philosophy. Employing an analytical-critical method with a domain-separation approach, this paper first reconstructs the physical import of the multiverse within metaphysics and subsequently evaluates it against Sadrian principles. The findings indicate that Transcendent Theosophy is not incompatible with the plurality of material worlds; rather, through the application of the “fundamentality and gradation of existence” (aṣālat wa-tashkīk al-wujūd) and especially “substantial motion,” it provides a framework to explain multiple physical worlds as fluid degrees and extensions of a single material reality. Moreover, the relation of multiverse plurality to the “best possible order and teleology” does not lead to the negation of purpose; rather, through divine agency by satisfaction (al-fā‘iliyyah bi-l-riḍā) and the universal effusion of existential grace, it portrays a more comprehensive manifestation of divine providence within a coherent macro-system.