Isra Hikmat

Isra Hikmat

Applied phenomenology: why it is safe to ignore

Document Type : tar

Author
PhD in Islamic Philosophy, Al-Mustafa Al-Alamiyah Society, Qom, Iran.
Abstract
The question of whether a proper phenomenological investigation and analysis
requires one to perform the epoché and the reduction has not only been discussed
within phenomenological philosophy. It is also very much a question that has been
hotly debated within qualitative research. Amedeo Giorgi, in particular, has insisted
that no scientific research can claim phenomenological status unless it is supported
by some use of the epoché and reduction. Giorgi partially bases this claim on ideas
found in Husserl’s writings on phenomenological psychology. In the present paper, I
discuss Husserl’s ideas and argue that while the epoché and the reduction are crucial
for transcendental phenomenology, it is much more questionable whether they are
also relevant for a non-philosophical application of phenomenology
Keywords

Subjects


  1. Davidson, Larry, and Lisa A. Cosgrove. 1991. Psychologism and phenomenological psychology revisited Part I: The liberation from naturalism. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 22(2): 87–108.
  2. Finlay, Linda. 2008. A dance between the reduction and reflexivity: Explicating the “phenomenological Psychological attitude”. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 39: 1–32.
  3. Gallagher, Shaun. 1997. Mutual enlightenment: Recent phenomenology in cognitive science. Journal of Consciousness Studies 4(3): 195–214.
  4. Gallagher, Shaun, and Dan Zahavi. 2012. The phenomenological mind, 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
  5. Giorgi, Amedeo. 1994. A phenomenological perspective on certain qualitative research methods. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 25(2): 190–220.
  6. Giorgi, Amedeo. 2010. Phenomenology and the practice of science. Existential Analysis 21(1): 3–22.
  7. Giorgi, Amadeo. 2012. The descriptive phenomenological psychological method. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 43: 3–12.
  8. Husserl, Edmund. 1960. Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology, trans. D. Cairns. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
  9. Husserl, Edmund. 1969. Formal and transcendental logic, trans. D. Cairns. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
  10. Husserl, Edmund. 1970. The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology: An introduction to phenomenological philosophy, trans. D. Carr. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
  11. Husserl, Edmund. 1977. Phenomenological psychology: Lectures, Summer Semester, 1925, trans. J.
  12. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
  13. Husserl, Edmund. 1982. Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy. First Book. General introduction to a pure phenomenology, transl. F. Kersten. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Applied phenomenology: why it is safe to ignore the epoché
  14. Husserl, Edmund. 1989. Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenology and to a phenomenological philosophy. Second Book. Studies in the phenomenology of constitution, trans. R. Rojcewicz and A. Schuwer. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  15. Husserl, Edmund. 1997. Psychological and transcendental phenomenology and the confrontation with Heidegger (1927–1931), ed. and trans. Th. Sheehan and R.E. Palmer. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  16. Husserl, Edmund. 2001. Logical investigations I–II, trans. J.N. Findlay. London: Routledge.
  17. Husserl, Edmund. 2019. First philosophy. Lectures 1923/24 and related texts from the manuscripts (1920–1925), trans. S. Luft and T. M. Naberhaus. Dordrecht: Springer.
  18. Jaspers, Karl. 1912. Die phänomenologische Forschungsrichtung in der Psychopathologie. Zeitschrift für Die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 9: 391–408.
  19. Katz, David. 1950. Gestalt psychology, trans. R. Tyson. New York: Ronald Press.
  20. Katz, David. 1999. The world of colour, trans. R.B. MacLeod and C.W. Fox. Abingdon: Routledge.
  21. Kern, Iso. 1962. Die drei Wege zur transzendentalphänomenologischen Reduktion in der Philosophie.
  22. Edmund Husserls. Tijdskrift voor Filosofie 24: 303–349.
  23. Langdridge, Darren. 2008. Phenomenology and critical social psychology: Directions and debates in theory of research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2(3): 1126–1142.
  24. Minkowski, Eugène. 1970. Lived time: Phenomenological and psychopathological studies, trans. N. Metzel. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
  25. Morley, James. 2010. it’s always about the epoché. Les Collectifs du Cirp 1: 223–232.
  26. Paley, John. 2013. 5 questions. In Philosophy of nursing: 5 questions, ed. A. Forss, C. Ceci, and J.S.Drummond, 143–155. Copenhagen: Automatic Press.
  27. Petitmengin, Claire, Anne Remillieux, and Camila Valenzuela-Moguillansky. 2018. Discovering the Structures of lived experience: Towards a micro-phenomenological analysis method. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1109 7-018-9597-4.
  28. Reinach, Adolf. 1968. What is phenomenology? trans. D. Kelly. The Philosophical Forum 1(2): 234–256.
  29. Scheler, Max. 1973. Formalism in ethics and non-formal ethics of values: A new attempt toward a foundation of an ethical personalism, trans. M.S. Frings and R.L. Funk. Evanston, IL: Northwestern. University Press.
  30. Spiegelberg, Herbert. 1972. Phenomenology in psychology and psychiatry: A historical introduction.
  31. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
  32. Van Deursen, Emma. 2015. Structural existential analysis (SEA): A phenomenological method for therapeutic work. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 45: 59–68.
  33. Van Manen, Max. 2017. Phenomenology it its original sense. Qualitative Health Research 27: 810–825.
  34. Van Manen, Max. 2018. Rebuttal rejoinder: Present IPA for what it is—Interpretative psychological analysis. Qualitative Health Research 28: 1959–1968.
  35. Varela, Francisco J., Evan Thompson, and Eleonor Rosch. 1991. The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  36. Watson, John B. 1913. Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review 20: 158–177.
  37. Zahavi, Dan. 2017. Husserl’s legacy: Phenomenology, metaphysics, and transcendental philosophy.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  38. Zahavi, Dan. 2018. Getting it quite wrong: Van Manen and Smith on phenomenology. Qualitative Health. Research. https ://doi.org/10.1177/10497 32318 81754 7.
  39. Zahavi, Dan, and Kristian M.M. Martiny. 2019. Phenomenology in nursing studies: New perspectives. International Journal of Nursing Studies. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnur stu.2019.01.014.